Monkeypox: Global health emergency by WHO

Monkeypox: Global health emergency by WHO.

 

Introduction:

Monkeypox disease is caused by the monkeypox virus belonging to Orthopox virus, the same class as smallpox virus. It is a zoonotic virus which means it is mostly present in animals. Two types of virus are present, the West African virus is less severe than the Central African one.

Mode of transmission:

1.Skin contact.

2.In some cases droplets.

3.Sexual contact.

4.Directly touching the infectious rash or fluid.

5.Possibly through Contaminated fomites.

 

Incubation period:

It varies between 5-21 days. 

Signs and symptoms:

1.During the incubation period the patient doesn’t have symptoms and the disease is not contagious.

2.During prodromal period, the first symptoms include fever, malaise, headache, sometimes sore throat and cough, and lymphadenopathy 

3.Following the prodrome, lesions will develop in the mouth and on the body. Lesions progress through several stages before falling off. A person is contagious from the onset of the enanthem through the scab stage. A feature that distinguishes infection with monkeypox from that of smallpox is the development of swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy).

4.Rashes first appears over mouth and tongue after that it spreads from center to periphery (Centrifugal). By 3-4th day of disease this rash will become vesicles. After that it becomes rash.

 

Diagnosis:

1.The CDC’s FDA-cleared non-variola orthopoxvirus test can detect monkeypox from a lesion sample.

Mainly clinical diagnosis after ruling out other diseases.

Prevention:

1.Avoid close, skin-to-skin contact with people who have a rash that looks like monkeypox.

2.Do not touch the rash or scabs of a person with monkeypox.

3.Do not kiss, hug, cuddle or have sex with someone with monkeypox.

4.Avoid contact with objects and materials that a person with monkeypox has used.

5.Do not share eating utensils or cups with a person with monkeypox.

6.Do not handle or touch the bedding, towels, or clothing of a person with monkeypox.

7.Wash your hands often with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially before eating or touching your face and after you use the bathroom.

 

Why was the WHO declared a global health emergency?

This outbreak has spread around the world rapidly, through new modes of transmission, about which we understand too little. The case fatality ratio has been around 3–6%.

 

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